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Earlier today, it rained so heavily that when looking out the pantry windows at lunch, it almost felt as if I was witnessing snow falling. It’s both an intriguing yet also slightly scary thought – the fantasy of snowflakes descending upon Singapore. Just imagine the Singapore River frozen over, with the foreground of MBS covered over with a blanket of snow. While the image of our tropical city-state cloaked in a delicate layer of white first evoked images of enchantment, it immediately also raised questions in my mind about our preparedness for such an unprecedented event. How would our infrastructure, meticulously designed for equatorial climates, withstand the sudden chill? Would our urban systems, accustomed to the sweltering heat and humidity, adapt with resilience, or would they falter under the weight of unanticipated snowfall? No snow in Singapore - but unnervingly heavy thunderstorms are part and parcel of life here Current weather patterns in Singapore: A tropical overview It’s helpful, first of all, to remember that in reality, Singapore's weather is a quintessential reflection of a tropical climate. The nation experiences high temperatures and copious rainfall throughout the year as a result of its location near the equator. These conditions result from Singapore’s geographical positioning, which delivers consistent heat and humidity. In recent years, the effects of global warming have appeared to exacerbate Singapore's hot weather, intensifying existing patterns. Our daily mean temperature could shoot up by nearly 5°C by the end of the century Current projections suggest that our daily mean temperature could reach 32°C - an increase of nearly 5°C (!) - by 2100. Meanwhile, climate change contributes to increased extreme weather incidents, including intense, brief downpours that frequently lead to flash floods as noted. Snow is still some way out of the picture, but sources online seem to indicate that climate change could hypothetically lead to unexpected conditions – for instance, if sudden cold fronts collide with monsoon rains. Infrastructure challenges: Coping with snow in Singapore Still, let’s answer the questions above: How would we fare if it snowed one day? Singaporeans (myself included) fantasise a lot about what it would be like to experience winter on homeground – so much so that Science Centre has its own bone-chilling facility – but the truth is that Singapore's urban infrastructure is not designed to deal with snowy conditions. Imagine these tracks covered entirely in snow Unexpected snowfall would create significant challenges, particularly in transportation. Our roads, constructed for tropical climates, are ill-equipped for ice or snow. Without proper snow-clearing and de-icing equipment, there would likely be widespread disruptions in travel, leading to safety hazards and congestions across the island. Public transport systems, including buses and MRTs, would potentially struggle to operate efficiently, compromising daily commuter flows and potentially halting essential services. Singapore's buildings are also built to dissipate, rather than conserve heat There’s also the fact that the architectural designs in Singapore are traditionally suited for hot weather. Most structures are built with minimal insulation, relying heavily on air conditioning systems. A sudden temperature drop due to snow could lead to significant energy inefficiencies. Furthermore, water piping systems, engineered for the hot weather, might be at risk of freezing, causing water supply interruptions. Thus, an unexpected cold snap would necessitate urgent revisions to current building and utility standards to ensure continuity and resilience. Of course, economically, such an event could also disrupt local businesses, particularly those with outdoor operations. Monitoring unprecedented events In Singapore, adapting to climate change is essential. The nation may not be gearing up for snow any time soon, but inundating, heavy rainfall has increasingly felt like a very real threat. To effectively manage such events, robust weather radar systems are pivotal. For instance, advanced technologies, incorporating real-time satellite data and ground observations, allow for precise monitoring of weather patterns. By integrating AI and data analytics, Singapore can enhance anticipation and response strategies for unusual weather phenomena, including potential snowfall. Monitoring how weather patterns continue to change remains an important task as climate change continues to grip our nation As climate change poses increased risks, our nation’s preparedness for atypical weather events is more crucial than ever. A focus on sustainable, smart solutions developed by local and global innovators provides a promising path forward. Ultimately, it’s only through understanding and predicting shifts in weather patterns that we can mitigate whatever comes our way, however impossible they may seem right now… like a snowy Singapore. For now, though, let’s keep hoping that the sight that greets us outside of pantry windows continues to oscillate only between sunny skies and heavy rain that may closely resemble, but isn’t real snow. (All images from Unsplash)

Singapore can be that predictably unpredictable equatorial city, where the skies shift from radiant sunshine to torrential downpour in mere moments. Given how things have been the past few weeks, I’ve subconsciously found myself pondering the impact of this mercurial weather on our health. What does the internet say: Is it the sun-drenched days that truly invigorate us, or do the rhythmic rains offer a more profound rejuvenation? In a city where the climate dances between these two extremes, understanding the health implications of different sorts of weather can be an enlightening endeavour. What does "rainy weather" mean for your health? Of course, how each of our bodies reacts to the weather can vary greatly. Multiple factors often come into play, with our prevailing health conditions being the most significant. Still, to start on one end with the impact of rainy weather, here’s what some sources on the internet indicate. Joint and muscle impact: Rainy weather can apparently be a double-edged sword when it comes to joint health. The drop in barometric pressure preceding a storm often leads to swelling and stiffness in the joints, which can exacerbate conditions like arthritis. This shift in pressure and accompanying dampness may cause increased muscle pain, as the body conserves heat, especially in cooler, rainy climates source. Allergies, respiratory concerns, and general dampness: The increased rainfall contributes to higher humidity, which has been associated with the spread of infectious diseases like dengue and influenza according to studies. Rainy weather could also create ideal conditions for mould growth, potentially triggering sneezing, congestion, and coughs amongst allergy sufferers. Furthermore, thunderstorms can aggravate asthma, as high winds carry pollen into the airways, causing respiratory discomfort source. Mood and Mental Health: This one’s a bit of a stretch – a symptom that’s not likely to apply to us in Singapore, but still worth considering. On the emotional front, the overcast skies associated with rainy days could lead to a dip in mood for some individuals. While some people may find comfort in the cosy ambience of a rainy day, others may experience low-arousal emotions like sadness. This phenomenon is frequently linked to lowered serotonin levels, which can manifest as symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) or depression, particularly during extended gloomy periods. Of course, it’s unlikely for SAD to really have a grip on most people here, given our tropical climate - but if you find the gloominess of the weather suddenly being mirrored by your mood, you’re not acting up. The Dual Nature of Rainy Weather Yet, the story does not end there. Rainy weather also releases negative ions, which are believed to boost mood and energy levels as mentioned by the BBC. These ions, combined with the rhythmic sound of rainfall, can create a soothing atmosphere, potentially reducing stress and anxiety. The cooler temperatures during rain can also provide relief from the heat, reducing the risk of heat-related stress, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly. And besides, if you do regularly find that a grey sky dampens your mood, practical strategies can help manage the rainy weather blues. Embracing natural light when possible, engaging in indoor physical activities, and connecting with others, are effective ways to combat the gloominess as suggested by Change Mental Health. By balancing these effects, Singapore's weather, whether rainy or sunny, can be managed for healthier living. For those inclined to feel blue under overcast skies, there are strategies to alleviate the mood disruptions caused by Singapore weather. Engaging in indoor activities and exercises can release endorphins, serving as a natural counterbalance to the blues Changemh. Additionally, connecting with others and practicing mindfulness can provide a buffer against the mental toll of persistent rainy spells. Sunny Weather: Is It Better for Your Health Compared to Rainy Weather? Given what the research states about rainy weather, it would make sense that sunshine functions as a positive counter-force to some of its negative effects For instance, sunny weather is often credited for elevating mood and energy levels. Exposure to sunlight increases serotonin production, a neurotransmitter linked to feelings of happiness and well-being. This can lead to improved mood and lower suicide risk, making sunny days emotionally beneficial for many according to Healthline. Sunny weather in Singapore promotes the production of vitamin D, which is essential for bone health and immune function. Nevertheless, excessive exposure to the sun's rays can lead to heat stress and increased risk of skin cancer as noted in various climate studies. Striking a balance in sun exposure is crucial for maintaining good health. Sunlight exposure can also contribute to lower blood pressure by causing blood vessels to dilate, a process aided by decreased atmospheric pressure. This natural effect can provide cardiovascular benefits and potentially reduce the risk of heart-related issues as noted on Weather.com. Yet: The dual nature of sunny weather However, sunny weather can also exacerbate conditions like asthma and allergies due to increased pollen and air pollution levels. There's also the real reality that the UV rays from the harsh sun can be damaging to our skin if we are subject to prolonged exposure. On a general wellness level, warm weather can also pose multiple health problems: Headaches, and heat rash and eczema, and even kidney failure resulting from heat stress and chronic dehydration. Speaking of heat stress, the health risks associated with heat exhaustion can even be fatal for some. Appreciating both sides In contemplating whether rainy or sunny weather reigns supreme for our well-being, each side has revealed itself to offer both unique benefits that cater to different facets of health, but also possibly grave effects on our wellbeing if not mitigated appropriately. Yet despite the potential dangers that come with each, focusing on the positives ultimately feels more like a more uplifting proposition. The vibrant energy of sunny days can fuels our spirits and encourages active lifestyles, while the serene embrace of rain provides a pause for reflection and rejuvenation. Ultimately, the rich tapestry of Singapore's climate invites us to embrace balance, finding harmony in the interplay of the sun and rain.

Singapore's rather dry and fair weather, which spanned most of February, looks to be coming to an end. The Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) said on Monday (Mar. 1) that March will see the return of thundery showers for Singapore. First few days going to be fair and occasionally windy According to MSS, generally fair and occasionally windy conditions are expected for the first few days of March. In the second week, however, short-duration thundery showers are expected over parts of the island in the afternoon on most days. On a few of these days, heavy thundery showers can be expected, as there is a convergence of winds over Singapore and the surrounding area. Overall, the rainfall for the first two weeks of March is forecast to be around normal for most parts of the island. Although rain and showers are expected, the daily temperatures still could reach a high of around 34°C on a few days. Most days, though, the daily temperature is forecast to range between 24°C and 33°C. February particularly dry & windy February 2021 was particularly dry and windy, compared to other Februaries. According to MSS, the total rainfall recorded in February 2021 at the Changi climate station was 1mm. The long-term average for February is 112.8mm. This ranks February as the second driest February since rainfall records in Singapore began in 1869. The dry weather also resulted in the lowest average daily relative humidity — 73.8 per cent — recorded in Singapore since 1984, when continuous humidity records began. February 2021 was also the second windiest February since continuous wind records commenced in 1984, with an average daily wind speed of 13.1 km/h recorded at the Changi climate station. source: https://mothership.sg/2021/03/sg-weather-mar-2021/